Calculating machine



May 2, 1944. F. J. TILLMAN CALCULATING MACHINE 11 Sheets-Sheet 1 MYATTORNEYsf May 2, 1944. F. J. TILLMAN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed April 3, 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 NVENTOR. FJ WZZma/'z SCP BY l /,S ATTORNEYS May 2, 1944. F. J. TILLMAN 2,347,720

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed April 5, 1937 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 May 2, 1944. F. J. TILLMAN 2,347,720

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CALCULATING MACHINE Filed April Y3, 1957 1l Sheets-Sheet '7 q O Q 8.8 iNvENToR.

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CALGULATING MACHINE Filed April 3, 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 @MN hmm z/VENTOR. EJT/Z ima/2 BY Y H/.S' ATTORNEYb May 2, 1944. F. J. TILLMAN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed April 3, 1937 1l Sheets-Sheet 9 vm NNE INVEITFORr FJWZZmd/v May 2, 1944. F. J. TILLMAN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed April 5, 1937 ll Sheets-Sheet l0 I N VENTOR.

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May 2, 1944. F. J. TILLMAN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed April 3, 1957 1l Sheets-Sheet 11 INVENTOR F/YYZZmC/l? BY y l H/SATTORNEYS.

Paten'ted May 2,

UNITED STATES PATENT VOFFICE v amaze cALcULaTmG MACHINE Ferdinand J. Talma, si. Louis. M0.

Application April 3, 1937, Serial No. 134,818

(ci. zas-59) 18 Claims.

This invention relates to calculating machines; and it has special reference to calculating mechanisms constructed and adapted for connection with typewriting machines, so that the calculating devices will be operated under control of the numeral keys of the typewriting machines.

Objects of the invention are to provide a device including a number of independently operative calculating mechanisms, with connections for operating the same selectively by the numeral keys of a typewriting machine with which the invention is designed and adapted to cooperate; to provide means under control of the usual laterally movable paper carriage of the typewriting machine for selecting the respective calculating mechanisms to be operated by the numeral keys of the cooperative typewriting machine; to provide in the invention an improped credit balance device whereby accurate balances of credits and debits may be automatically maintained as an incident to the proper operation of the typewriting machine, and the paper carriage thereof whereby tabulating movements of the carriage y locates in proper diierent columnar positions the forms or record sheets mounted in the carriage so that, when the typewriting mechanism is operated to record the proper entries in the diierent columns, the appropriate and corresponding calculating mechanisms will be operated and therebymalntain correct totals and balances in the respective calculating mechanisms; to provide improved and conveniently operative automatic and manipulative connections for establishing and maintaining a proper cooperating relationship throughout the machine, both preparatory for and during operation of the type` writing machine; to provide means for preventing improper operation of any of the calculating mechanisms and for -assuring proper operation of the calculating mechanisms which should be operated under control of the typewriting keys as' determined by the position of the paper carriage, or independently of the position of the paper carriage as desired; and otherwise to simplify construction and mode of operation of the device, and to prevent improper operation thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved calculating mechanism that overcomes many or all of the objectionable features in calculating machines heretofore designed and intended for use in connection with standard typewriting machines. l

Various other objects and numerous advantages of the invention should be readily apparent from the following description, reference being made to the annexed drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the invention applied to a familiar standard typewriting machine, some of the parts of which are indicated by broken lines.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the present invention apart from the typewritlng machine for which it is intended, a few of the parts being broken away.

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the present invention apart from the typewriting machine, the base portions being in section and, in' part, broken away. 4

Fig. 3a is a front elevation showing the selector for one of the accumlating mechanisms disabled while its support remains in its idle position.

Fig. 3b is a. similar view showing the controlling bracket for the selector lever disabled.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the key operated mechanism and the full stroke devices therefor in their normal or unoperated positions.

Fig. 5 is a view of the same mechanism and devices that are shown in Fig. 4 Yin position to prevent a second operation thereof before the parts and devices have returned to their normal or unoperated positions. f

Fig. 6 is a view of the same parts and devices that are shown in Figs. 4 and 5, showing their inter-engagement for preventing another operation thereof until they have returned to their normal or unoperated positions after having once been operated.

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the device for releasing the key supported racks from the pinions to be operated thereby, which release is eiected after the keys have completed their full downward stroke.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view approximately on the line 8-8 of Fig. 6, showing the devices for preventing simultaneous operation of more than one typewriter numeral key.

Fig. 8a is a cross-sectional view on the line Blz-8a of Fig. 8.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view showing means cooperative with the key-locking devices to prevent operation of the typewriter numeral keys when the typewriter carriage is in the decimal position, as in position for writing a decimal point o`r period; for instance, between dollars and cents digits.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view on the line l|ll0oIFg.9. 'f

Fig. 11 is a front elevation of the credit bal.-

ance key and its immediately associated elements in their idle or unoperated positions.

Fig. 1'2 is a side elevation thereof.

Fig. 13 is a front elevation of the same devices that are shown in Fig. 1l but in their operated positions.

Fig. 14 is a side elevation of the devices shown in Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a viewsupplementing Fig. 1. showing means for disconnecting from the typewriter numeral keys the devices for operating the calculating mechanisms of the machine.

Fig. 16 is a front elevation of a carriage assoclated with the calculating mechanisms for operating them properlyto perform their respective functions.

Fig. 17 is a side elevation of said carriage, the

selected adjustments or columnar positions having a desired-relationship to the columnar posi tions to which the paper carriage is shifted during operation of the machine.

This standard typewriting machine is provided with the usual elastic supports 4 which. in the present instance, are utilized to engage in the upper ends of posts l provided for that purpose supporting rails therefor being shown in section.

Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view looking from the front to the rear showing yielding connections between the devices controlling the adding and subtracting operations of the machine.

Fig. 18a is a view of the same mechanism in yielded position.

Fig. 19 is a plan view of a portion of said devices in their normal or unoperated positions and with their connecting spring contracted.

Fig. 20 is a plan view of the same parts that are shown in Fig. 19, but in their operated po sitions and with their connecting spring extended.

Fig. 21 is a front elevation of a part of the mechanism, in its normal or unoperated position, controlled by the typewriter paper carriage for selecting the denominational orders through which the calculating mechanisms will be operated when the typewriter numera1 keys are operated successively.

Fig. 22 is a view of the same mechanism in one of its selected denominational adjusted positions.

Fig. 23 is a view of the same mechanism in the highest denominational position to which it canbemoved.

Fig. 24 is an enlarged front elevational view of a part of the mechanism for disconnecting the calculating machine entirely from the typewriting mechanism in order to permit operation oi the typewriter numeral keys for any purpose desired without operating the calculating mechanism.

Fig. 25 is a plan view showing one specimen of the work performed by this machine.

Fig. 26 is a view showing an adjustable device in connection with the mechanism that establishes cooperation between the typewriter paper carriage and the entire calculating machine.

Fig. 27 is a plan view of the credit balance mechanism with the connections for operating the same.

Fig. 28 is a front elevation of one of the accumulating mechanisms.

Fig. 29 is a plan view thereof.

Fig. 30 is a vertical sectional view on the line 30-30 of Fig. 29.

Fig. 31 is a perspective view showing connections controlled by the paper carriage of the typewriting machine for selecting the accumulators to be operated, and for operating the rib* bon-shifting devices, etc.

The typewriting machine outlined by broken lines in Fig. 1 of the drawings is of a well known standard type including a laterally shiftable paper carriage I. At the rear of this paper carriage I have mounted a bar 2 'designed and adapted to support a number of cam blocks 3 in different in the present invention. Thus, the standard typewriting machine is securely supported and held from undesired oscillation and vibration so as to cooperate with the present invention.

To eachof the usual numeral keys 3 of this standard typewriting machine, I have rigidly attached a downwardly and forwardly extended arm 'I by means of a fastener 8. The usual numeral type bars 3 of this machine are plvotally connected with the key levers IIl of the numeral keys so that, when the numeral keys are depressed properly, the type bars will print on pa per mounted in the paper carriage, all of which is familiar. Each of the arms `I supports a laterally extended pin or lug I I.

'I'he mechanism of the present invention is supported by a rigid base I2. A frame I3 is at- -tached to the base I2 and supports for vertical sliding movements ten calculating slides Il. These slides extend through slots in the upper and lower portions of the frame I3 (Fig. 1), and are spaced apart in accordance with the lateral spacing of the numeral keys of the usual standard typewriting machine with which the invention is designed to cooperate. A coupling I5 is attached to the upper end of each slide Il by a pivot I6, and each coupling has in its upper end an arcuate slot I1 arranged to receive the lug or pin II of the corresponding typewriter numeral key. The slides I4 are supported in their raised or upper positions by springs I8. The couplings I5 are also provided with slots I3. and a rod 20 extends horizontally through all of the slots I9. This rod is supported by a number of arms 2I attached to a rock shaft 22 supported for rocking movements by the frame I3.

It is now apparent that, when the shaft 22 is turned to the position shown in Fig. 1, the couplings I5 will be engaged with the pins or lugs Il; and that, when the shaft 22 is turned in a clockwise direction (Fig. 1), all of the couplings lvirili be disengaged from the typewriter numeral eys.

A link 23 (Figs. 1 and 2) has pivotal engagement with a downwardly extended arm 24 rigid with one end of the shaft 22. The forward end of the link 23 has rigid therewith a pin 25 pro- Jectlng downwardly into a cam slot 26 fonned in the upper end of a lever 21 having its lower end plvotally supported by a rod 28. A link 29 has one end plvoted to the lever 21 and the oppositf` end pivoted to an upwardly extended arm 30 attached to the rear end of a rocking rod 3l.

A lever 32 is attached to the upper end of the rod 3l and extends upwardly in front of the base of the typewriting machine. When the lever 32 is swung toward the left, as shown in Fig. 2, the cam 23 rocks the shaft 22 and swings the couplings I5 rearwardly out of engagement with the pins or lugs II attached to the typewriter numeral keys; and, when the lever 32 is swung toward the right from the position in which it is shown in Fig. il, the couplings I5 are swung upwardly and are engaged with all of the pins or lugs II. Any conventional latch device or detent may be provided ,to engage with and hold the lever 32 in its two positions.

A rotary shaft 33 is supported by the frame I3, and has attached thereto nine pinions 34 adjacent to the respective slides I4 corresponding to the nine digits from 1 to 9,f inclusive. No pinion is provided for the key. Each slide I4 supports a rack 35. These racks have on their upper ends forward extensions 36 which are mounted on pivots 31 attached to the respective slides I4. The number of teeth on the respective racks differ, there being one tooth only on the rack corresponding to the typewriter key for the digit 1, two teeth on the rack corresponding to the typewriter key for the digit 2, and so on, there being nine teeth on the rack corresponding to the typewriter numeral key for the digit 9. These racks 35 are actuated to and yieldingly held in their forward positions by springs 38 having their upper ends connected with pins 39 projecting from the upper ends of the racks and their lower ends attched to the slides I4 (Figs. 4, 5 and 6). The shaft 33 is in front of and adjacent to the key connections I4. When the slides I4 are in their raised positions, the racks 35 are out of mesh with the pinions 34. When the couplings I are connected with the typewriter numeral keys and any numeral key is depressed, it will push downwardly the corresponding slide I4 and will engage its rack 35 with the corresponding pinion 34 and rotate the same, and thereby the shaft 33, a distance corresponding to the number of teeth on the rack 35. Since the typewriter numeral keys are Adepressed equal distances, itis necessary to make provision for rotation of the corresponding pinions 34 distances corresponding to the values of the digits on the respective keys. Because the pinions 34 are of equal diameter (Fig. 2), the number of teeth on the racks 35 are made to correspond to the digital value of the respective keys by which the racks are to be operated. Each rackv has thereon a lateral projection 40 engaging the rear edge of the slide I4 by which it is supported in order to limit extent of movement of the racksv by the springs 3S.

For each slide I4 a combined full stroke and key locking device is provided in order to require full and complete depression of each typewriter numeral key before said key can return to its normal or unoperated position after it has been started in operation, and to prevent any typewriter numeral key from being operated when any other numeral key is in operation and is out of its normal or unoperated position. Each of said devices comprises a swinging support 4I, all of which pivotally depend from a rod 42 rearwardly from the`slides I4. The springs I8 for the respective slides I4 have their upper ends connected with extensions 43 from the respective supports 4I. Therefore, these springs I8 function to support the slides I4 yieldingly in their raised positions, to return them to their raised positions after they have been depressed, and to swing the lower ends of the supports 4I forwardly toward the slides I4. The lower end of each slide I4 supports two pawls 44 and 45 designed and adapted to engage respectively with ratchet teeth 46 and 41. The lower ends of the supports 4I extend between the pawls 44 and 45. When the machine is idle, these parts occupy the positions shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, the pawls 44 and 45 being actuated toward the support 4I by connecting springs 48. Movement of the pawls 44 and 45 toward each other is limited by studs 49 attached to the lower ends of the respective slides I4.

Before any typewriter numeral key can be depressed far enough to engage its rack 35 with the corresponding pinion 34, it is necessary to swing the lower end of the support 4I rearwardly so that the pawl 44 will not engage with the ratchet teeth 43. This is eiected by cams 50 on the lower ends of the racks 35 operating against cams 5I on the forward edges of the supports 4I. When any cam 50 engages and operates against the corresponding cam 5I, it will swing the lower end of the support 4I rearwardly far enough to prevent the pawl 44. from engaging vth the ratchet teeth 46, as clearly shown in Fig. 5. The stud 49 prevents the pawl 44 from engaging the ratchet teeth 46. However, wh'en the support 4I is swung rearwardly as described, the pawl 45 engages the ratchet teeth 41, thereby making it impossible for the typewriter numeral key and the slide I4 with which it is coupled to return to their idle positions until the typewriter key has been completely depressed.

A lateral projection 52 is formed on the cam 50 and a flange 53 is formed on the cam 5I. About the time that the numeral key reaches the limit of its downward stroke, the cam 50 passes beyond the cam 5I and the spring I8 immediately swings forwardly the lower end of the support 4 I thereby disengaging the ratchet teeth 4'I from the pawl 45 and engaging the ratchet teeth 46 with the pawl 44. It is now necessary to disengage the rack 35 of the depressed typewriter numeral key from the pinion 34 in order to permit said depressed typewriter numeral key and its rack 35 to rise to their idle or unoperated positions Without turning the pinion 34 or the shaft 33.

A rod 54 is supported by the frame I3 for rocking movements. A lever is attached to said rod 54 and comprises an arm 55 and another arm 56. This rod 54 is located in front of the slide I4 and, in its vidle or unoperated position (Figs. 4 and 5) to which it is moved and in ,which it is yieldingly supported by a spring 51 (Fig. 6), the arm,56 abuts against adepending portion 58 of the frame I3. A series of arms 5@ are attached to the rod 54 and project rearwardly therefrom adjacent to the respective slide I4 and below the pins 39 that are attached to and project laterally from the upper ends of the racks, 35;! When any typewriter numeral key and its coupled slide I4 are pushed downwardly, the pin 39 engages the adjacent arm 53 and pushes downwardly said arm 59, thereby turning the shaft 54 in opposition to the spring 51, which is stronger than the spring 38. Because of the fact that the cam Ellis in engagement with the cam 5I during downward movement of the typewriter numeral key, it is impossible for the rack ,35 to be moved out of engagement with the pinion 34, notwithstanding that the spring 5l is stronger than the spring 38. When the cam 5@ passes beyond the flange 53, the spring 5lovercomes the spring 38 and swings the rack 35 rearwardly from the position shown in Fig. 5 to the position shown in Fig. 6, so that the projection 52 is behind the flange 53. At this time, there is nothing to prevent the typewriter key l from being returned to its idle or unoperated position, nor to prevent the spring I8 from cooperating therewith to return the slide I4 to its idle position. Thisis because the pawl 44 will escape along the ratchet teeth 46-while the pawl 45 is held out of engagement with the ratchet teeth 4'I by the pin 49.

From the foregoing, it should now be apparent that each typewriter numeral key and its connections must be operated to the full extent of a complete stroke at each operation. Otherwise,

it is impossible for any typewriter numeral key to return to its idle or unoperated position,

The supports 4| also l ooperate to prevent simultaneous operation of two or more typewriter numeral keys and their connections, A channel element 60 is supported by a part 5| of the rigid frame I3 and supports a plurality of discs 62 capable of only limited lateral movement. A projecting part 63 on each support 4| (Figs. 4, 5 and 6) extends into a slot 64 in the channel element 6i) and between the forward portions of two adjacent discs 62. When all of the supports 4| are in their forward or idle positions, there is nothing to prevent depression of any typewriter numeral key. But, when any typewriter numeral key is depressed and the corresponding support 4| is moved rearwardly by the cams 50 and 5|, the projecting part 53 of said support H is forced rearwardly between the two adjacent cooperating discs 62 and thereby moves the discs on one side of the projection 63 in one direction and the discs on the opposite side of said projection '63 in the opposite direction. Because of the fact that the discs 62 are capable only of this limited movement, it is now impossible to depress two or more typewriter numeral keys simultaneously. But, when the cam 50 passes bclow the cam 5| and the support 4| is swung forwardly, the function of that numeral key that had been operated has been completed, and it is now possible to operate any other typewriter numeral kcy even while the one that had been previously operated is returning to its-idle or unoperated position. This contributes substantially to the speed of operation of this machine without any sacrifice of efficiency.

When the shaft 33 is rotated by the numeral keys as described, it operates a train of gearing controlling the calculating mechanisms. A gear wheel 85 (Fig. 2) is attached to and rotated by the shaft 33 and is in constant mesh with a gear wheel 66. The gear wheel 66 is in constant mesh with a pinion B1. A pinion 58 is mounted for sliding movements along a rotary shaft 69 which, as shown, is angular in cross-section so that, when said pinion 68 is rotatedr the shaft 69 will be rotated thereby. A carriage 10 is mounted for sliding movements along the shaft G9 and along another shaft 1|, and has a, roller 'x2 operating along a rail 13. The shafts 69 and 1I and the roller 12 and rail 13 cooperate to support and guide the carriage 10 and to prevent undesired vibration or oscillation thereof during its lateral shifting movements. A tubular shaft 14 is mounted in the carriage 18 and is splined upon the shaft 69 for sliding movements along said shaft |59 and for rotation thereby, and has attached thereto a number of pinions 15 for operating the respective calculating mechanisms, certain of which are movable into and vout of position to cooperate with and be operated by the respective pinions 15. It is now clear that, when any typewriter numeral key is operated, all of the pinions 15 will be rotated a distance corresponding to the digital value of the typewriter numeral key that had been operated.

As shown in Fig. 2, the machine is equipped with three separate and independently and selectively operative calculating mechanisms which are duplicates of each other, and a description of one will be sufficient.

Each calculating mechanism comprises a series of pinions 1G rotatively mounted on a shaft 11 and attached to dials 18, each having the ten digits displayed on its periphery. These calculating pinions are associated with transfer devices i9 for transferring from lower to higher denominational orders and operating in a known manner. Pinions rotatively mounted on a shaft 8| mesh with the respective pinions 15, and the pinions 15 are moved laterally into engagement with the respective pinions 80 automatically and as an incident to operation of the typewriter keys and the lateral movement of the typewriter paper carriage I.

Each calculating mechanism is supported in a frame 82, and each of said frames is supported upon an independently rockable shaft 83 (Fig. l). An arm 84 is attached to each rod 83 and extends forwardly therefrom. For each calculating mechanism, a rotary shaft 85 is supported by the base of the machine, and said shafts 85 have attached to their forward ends beyond the base of the machine manually engageable knobs or handles 8G whereby said shafts may be rotated. A cam 81 is attached to each shaft 85 and engages the forward end of the corresponding arm 84 so that, when the shaft is rotated a proper distance, it will move the frame 82 supporting the corresponding calculating device to position in which the pinions 15 may successively engage the pinions 88 to operate the calculating device when the typewriter numerrl keys are operated. The carriage 10 is operated fh 'n higher to lower denominational orders to introducl into one or more of the calculating mechanisms the digits in accordance with the normal operation of the typewriter numeral keys which are operated from higher to lower denominational orders in typing numbers or items of account on the paper in the paper carriage.

The carriage 1D supports a pointer 88 for each calculating device which indicatesl the denominational order position in which the carriage 10 is located, and thereby informs the operator as to whether or not the carriage 10 is shifting properly from order to order when the typewriter numeral keys are operated.

After any typewriter numeralkey is operated, all of the pinions 15 are accurately centered and held against accidental rotation. A small rod 89 is supported for swinging movements by ai ms 90 one of which has link connection 9| (Fig. l) with a bail 92 (Figs. l and 4) mounted on swinging supports 93. The bail 92 extends transversely of the machine in contact with the extensions G3 of the swinging supports 4l so that, when any typewriter numeral key is depressed, the bail 92 will be moved rearwardly and will thereby move rearwardly the link 9| and the rod 8B a sufficient distance to disengage the rod 89 from any pinion 15 with which it had been engaged. A spring 94 (Fig. 2) is provided to move forwardly the link 9|, and thereby the rod 89, when the swinging support 4| moves forwardly. This forward movement of the rod 89 engages the same with one or the other of the pinions 15, depending upon the position of the carriage 10. The rod 89 is effective to prevent accidental rotative displacement of the pinions 15 and to center them and hold them in position for proper meshing engagement with the pinions 80 of the calculating mechanism.

When the pinion 68 is in direct mesh with and is rotated by the gear wheel 66, the selected calculating mechanism or mechanisms will be operated in direct addition. When said pinion 88 is in direct mesh with the gear wheel 66, it is out of engagement with the pinion 61; and, when the pinion 68 is shifted laterally, toward the right as shown in Fig. 2. to a position in which it is out of mesh with the gear wheel 88, it is in mesh with the pinion 81, sosthat, when the typewriter numeral keys are operated, the pinions 15 will be rotated in the direction opposite from that in which they are rotated when the pinion 68 is in mesh with and is operated directly by the gear wheel 88. Consequently, the pinions 16 of the calculating mechanisms will be rotated in the reverse direction from that in which they are rotated in the perfomance of examples of direct addition and will be caused to operate in subtraction.

An indicating arm 95 (Figs. 2 and 3) has its lower end attached to the forward end of a rockable rod 98 and has apin 91 engaging in a circumferential groove 98 inthe hub of the pinion 68. Therefore, when the pinion 68 is shifted to its different adjusted positions along the shaft 69. the indicator 96 will be moved to diii'erent positions. The upper end of the indicator 95 is visible and indicates to the operator the fact of whether the pinion 68 is in position for operation in examples of direct addition or in examples of subtraction. 'I'he rear end of the rod 96 has an upwardly extended arm 99 to which one end of a link is pivoted, the opposite end of said link being pivoted to an upwardly extended arm |0| attached to a rod |02 supported for rocking movements near the base of the machine. A link |03 has its inner end pivoted to the arm |0| and its outer end pivoted to an upwardly extended arm |04 attached to the rear end of a rockable rod |05. The forward end of the rod |05 has attached thereto a lever |06 provided with an upkwardly extending cam |01 immediately above the rod |05. A credit balance key |08 is mounted for .vertical sliding movements on a rigid support |09 (Figs. 11 and 12), being guided by pin and slot construction ||0, and is yieldingly supported in its raised position,.and returned to its raised position after operation, by a spring l. Said key supports a pivot 2 on which an actuator |I3 is mounted for lateral swinging movements.4 Said actuator has therein an arcuate slot I4 which is concentric with the axisof the pivot H2, and a headed pin ||5 extends through said slot and is attached to the Ykey |08. A pin ||6 projecting from the actuator ||3 operates in af slot formed in a bracket ||8 rigidly attached to the support |09. The slot tapers upwardly so that, when the key |08 rises, the pin I6 will move along the walls of the slot I1 and thereby center the actuator ||3 and prevent oscillation thereof.

When the credit balance key |08 is depressed, a' t pin ||9 projecting forwardly from the lower end of the actuator I3 engages and moves along one side or the other of the cam |01, and the actuator is thereby swung laterally to one side or the other of the rod |05 and, by continued downward movement, moves laterally along one end or the other of the lever |06 and operates the same to rockk the rod |05; and, through the connections described, moves the pinion 68 from engagement with the gear wheel 66 to engagement with the pinion 61, and vice versa, depending upon the direction in which the rod |05 is rocked.

When the parts are in the positions shown inA Fig. l1, depression of the credit balance key |08 will cause the pin ||9 to engage the cam |01 and be moved laterally toward the left along and against the lever |06 and will turn the rod |05 from the position shown in,Fig. l1 to the position shown in Fig. 13, which shifts the pinion 68 out of engagement with the gear wheel 66 into engagement with the pinion 81 preparatory for operation ci' the selected calculating mechanism in a subtracting or credit balance operation.4

|08 is depressed, the pivoted pawl 20 engages in a ratchet |2| formed in the edge of the key |08 and holds the key |08 in itsl depressed position until the intended item is completely entered as a credit balance item. The pawl |20 is attached to a rockable rod |22, the forward end of which has an upwardly extended pin |23 attached thereto. This pin |23 is connected with the base of the machine by a spring |24 which actuates the pawl |20 into latching engagement with the key |08. The carriage 'I0 has an extended part |25 which pushes against the upwardly extended pin |23 and thereby rocks the rod |22 after the units digit of the credit balance item has been entered. The rod |22 is thereby turned in a direction and far enough to'disengage the pawl |20 from the credit balance' key |08. Thereupon, the credit balance key is raised to its idle position by the spring This leaves the lever |06 in the position shown in Fig. 13. When the lever |08 is again depressed. the pin ||9 will operate on the opposite side of the cam |01 and on the end of 'the lever |06 that is toward the right (Fig. 13), and will thereby turn the rod 05 in a clockwise direction and shift the pinion 68 out of engagement with the pinion 61 and into engagement with the gear wheel 66.

The credit balance key |08 is locked against operation until the carriage 10 is moved to proper position for entry oi' a credit balance item. An arm |26 is attached to the rear end of a rockable rod |21. A lever |28 is attached to the forward end of said rod and is actuated by a spring |29 to a position in which the upper end of the arm |26 is immediately under a pin |30 projecting from the 'key |08, thereby making it impossible to depress the key |08 until the arm |26 is moved out of line with said pin |30. A roller |3| is supported by the inner end of the lever |28. When the carriage 'l0 is moved to position for entry of a credit balance item, the extension |25 moves under the roller |3| and operates the lever, |28 in a direction and far enough to swing the arm |26 out of line With the pin |30. It is now possible to depress the key |08.

The outer end of the lever |28 extends under an arm |32 attached to the forward end of the rod 22. When the carriage 10 is moved to its idle or unoperated position at the extreme left of the machine, the extension 25 passes beyond and out of engagement with the roller |3| and the spring |29 then operates the lever |28 to a position in which the arm |26 is again under and in line with the pin |30 to lock the credit balance key |08 against operation. This movement of the lever |28 also turns the rod |22 far enough to disengage the pawl |20 from the credit balance key, whereupon the spring raises the credit balance key to its idle or unoperated position.

Some `or all standard typewriting machines on the market and in use at the present time are equipped to use .bichrome ribbons having one strip of dark color and another strip of contrasting color, usually red. It is a familiar fact that these ribbons are usually or always arranged so that the dark strip is along the upper margins of the ribbons and the red strip is along the lower margins. The standard typewriting machines are equipped with ribbon-sluiting connections |33 of a familiar type, shown conventionally in Pig. 1 and including an actuating element |34. The actuating element, |34, as is known, is usually manually shiftable. In the present invention. I have embodied mechanism operated by or under control of the credit balance key |08 for operating the actuating element |34 and the ribbon-shifting connections |33 to shift the ribbon to position in which the red margin is along the printing line. This mechanism comprises a rod |35 mounted for turning movements in a supporting tube |38 which I attach to the usual standard typewriting machine that is to be used. The upper end of the rod |35 has an arm |31 attached to the actuating element |34 so that, when the rod |35 is turned in one direction, the actuating element |34 and the usual ribbon-shifting connections |33 will be operated to move the ribbon to a position in which the red margin of the ribbon is at the printing line; and, when said rod is turned in the opposite direction, the ribbon will be shifted to a position in which the dark margin is at the printing line. The lower end of the rod y|35 has an angular arm |38 (Fig. l) which extends across a roller |38 supported on a lever |40 mounted on a pivot |4| and actuated to its idle position by a spring |42 (Figs. 2 and V427). The lever |40 has a projection |43 extending adjacent to a cam |44 attached to the rod Therefore, when the rod |05' is turned in a counter-clockwise direction from the position shown in Fig. 11, the cam |44 will operate against the projection |43 and move the lever |40 in opposition to the spring |42 and thereby turn the rod |35 in a direction and far enough to operate the actuator |34, and thereby the ribbon-shifting connections |33, to move the ribbon to a position in which the red margin is at the printing line. When the credit balance key |08 is depressed, the ribbon is thereby shifted to a position in which the red margin is at the printing line so that the credit balance items will be printed in red when the typewriter numeral keys are operated to record said credit balance items and enter them in the calculating mechanism of the machine. In addition, the present invention includes connections operated by or under control of the typewriter paper carriage for shifting the ribbon to present the red margin at the printing line independently of the creditbalance key |08. The rod |05' is turned by a pin |08' on the key |08 engaging in a slot in an arm X attached to said rod |05.

Many or all typewriting machines are equipped with special keys, apart from the usual letter and digit keys, for printing special abbreviations, characters or designations. According to the present invention, the typewriter key |45 bears the designations CR.," or some other selected designation, and is connected up with a type bar to be operated thereby and bearing a corresponding designation. The remaining keys of the typewriting machine, as is known, shift the ribbon from the position below and exposing the printing line to a position at the printing line to receive the blows of the type bars 8. It is a familiar fact that, after each type bar is operated, the ribbon is shifted downwardly to expose the printing line, and that the paper carriage is thereafter shifted laterally one letter space. I modify the usual typewriting machine by removing the usual connection from the key |45 to the ribbon-shifting mechanism and by disconnecting said key |45 from the usual CS- 75 capement mechanism so that, when the key |45 is operated, the corresponding type bar will be operated thereby without moving the ribbon to the printing line and without operating the paper carriage cscapement mechanism, so that the platen remains stationary. Thus, the type bar connected with the key |45 will be operated thereby to strike the paper on the paper carriage, but the ribbon will remain below the printing line and will not be struck by the type bar; and, since the key |45 is wholly incapable of operating the usual paper carriage escapement mechanism, the paper carriage will not Vbe shifted. However, the credit balance item can then be printed after the notation CR without blurring. This is because I further modify the standard typewriting machine by extending to the left an appropriate distance the type bar that is operated by the key |45 far enough to permit said type bar to strike the paper and thereby cause the carbon to record upon the manifold sheets the notation "CR without printing the same upon the first or original record sheet. This is to say that, when the key |45 is operated, the corresponding type bar does not strike the ribbon but strikes the original record sheet in the machine and prints upon all of the manifold sheets the notation "CR." These parts which I remove or omit from the standard typewriting machine are not shown in the drawings because they are not present, and their removal can be effected by any skilled typewriter mechanic without affecting the remaining mechanism. Therefore, the record produced upon the manifold sheets, one of which is shown in Fig. 25, will include the designation CR indicated at |48, but this designation will not be recorded upon the orginal or ribbon copy of the record. When the key |08 is depressed by the key |45, it is latched in its depressed position by the pawl |20 and released in the manner heretofore described.

The lever |40, which shifts the red strand of the ribbon to the. printing line upon depression of the credit balance key |88 as described, may also be operated by the paper carriage of the typewriting machine while said key |08 remains unoperated in its idle position. A link |41 has one end pivotally connected with the lever |40 (Fig. 27) and the opposite end pivotally connected with an arm |48 attached to the forward end of a rockable rod |48. The rear end of said rod |48 has attached thereto an arm |50 to which the lower end of a link |5| is pivoted, the upper end of said link being pivoted to one end of a lever |52 mounted on a pivot |53. I'he form of the lever |52 may be understood by reference to Figs. 3a and 3b, which illustrate a lever |54 controlling one of the accumulating mecha'- nisms in a manner hereinafter described. There are three additional levers |55, |58 and |51 of precisely the same form as the levers |52 and |54, and all are mounted on the pivot |53. Each of these five levers supports a sliding angular bracket |58. Each bracket has in one end thereof a `straight slot |58 and, in the opposite end thereof, an angular slot |80. A supporting screw |8| extends through the slot |58 into the corresponding lever, and a supporting screw |82 extends through the angular slot and into said lever. A spring |83 connects the upwardly extended arm of each bracket |58 with its supporting lever and yieldingly holds the bracket in its uppermost position in which the screw |82 is in the lower part oi' the slot |80. However,

` The cam block 3 that operates the ribbonshifting connections described is shown in Fig. 1 and has in its"\ lower edge a series of grooves |65. The remaining cam blocks 3 which are behind that cam block shown in Fig. 1 have the same number of slots. A cam |66 is attached in any of the grooves |55 and projects downwardly so that, when the paper carriage is moved laterally to the columnar position for entering a credit balance item, the cam |66 will engage the roller |64 and push downwardly the lever |54 that is connected with the ribbonshifting link |5|. The ribbon-shifting connections are thereby operated to raise the ribbon |61 to a position in which the red strand is along the printing line. The ribbon will be held in that position vunti1 .record of the notation or item to be printed in red is completed. When the carriage is moved further toward the left after the record entry has been completed, the cam |66 passes beyond and out of engagement with the rolle` |64, whereupon a spring |68 (Fig. 2) operates to restore the ribbon-shifting connections to theiridle or unoperated positions and the ribbon-shifting connections |33 move the ribbon |61 downwardly below the printing line. Thus, the paper carriage can be utilized to shift the ribbon to hold the red strand thereof along the printing line, irrespective of whether a credit balance item is being recorded or. some other notation or item. The credit balance key L|08 is operative to cause an item to be printed in red in any of the columnar positions of the paper carriage, and the cam block 3 can be set in any selected position on the bar 2 to cause an item to be printed in red in any selected columnar position of the paper carriage independently of the credit balance key.

As stated, when the cam |66 passes beyond' and out of engagement with the roller |64, the le'ver |52 rises. Thereafter, when the paper carriage is again shifted toward the right, the cam |66 will engage the roller |64 andpush the bracket |58 from the position shown in Fig. 3a to the position shown in Fig. 3b without operating thelever |52.

The rear end of the rod |02 has attached thereto an arm |69 (Fig. 31), which is connected by a link |10 with the lever |54 havingthereon a bracket |1| precisely like the bracket |58 and Vsimilarly mounted and arranged and supporting a roller likethe roller |64. One of the cam blocks 3 with its cam |66 will operate against theroller on the bracket |1| when the paper carriage is moved to'a columnar position in which a negative item is to be entered for subtraction. Dur-` 61. Then, when the typewriter digit keys areoperated, the negative item will be introduced into the selected accumulating mechanism either as a negative total or by Lsubtracting the same from another total contained or represented in that selected accumulating mechanism. When the paper carriage carries the effective cam |66 amargo 7 beyond the roller carried by the lever |54, .the lever will be returned to its raised position, thereby permitting a spring |12 to operate the connections and shift the pinion 66 from engagement with the pinion 61 into engagement with the gear 66 (Fig. 3). When the carriage is again moved toward the right. the complementary cam |66 will push the bracket 1| to the position'v shown in Fig. 3b without depression of the lever |56.

The arm |0| is pivoted on the rod |02 and has an angular extension |13 (Fig. 27) connected by a spring |14 with an angular arm |15 that is attached to said rod |02. Therefore, the rod |02 does notl positively operate the arm 0| because of this yielding connection. These devices permit the credit balance key to operate the connections therefrom to the arm |0| and to operate said arm and the connections therefrom to the pinion 68 to shift said pinion out of engagement with the pinion 61 and into engagement with the gear 66, even if the lever |54 is held down by the complementary cam 66.

For convenience, I have designated the three accumulators A, B and C, respectively (Fig. 2). As before explained, each accumulator frame 82 is mounted on a rockable rod 83 for swinging movements into and out 'of position for operation by the respective pinions 15.- In the forward positions, the pinions thereof cannot be engaged by the pinions 15. In order to operate any selected accumulator, it. is 'necessary to swing the same rearwardly to position in which its pinions 80 will be engaged by the corresponding pinion 15. As before explained, the rods 85 may be operated manually to swing the accumulators to position for operation. Additionally, the respeclator A. The lever |55 supports a bracket |82 constructed and mounted precisely the same as the brackets |58 and |1|, and having thereon a roller like the roller |64to be engaged and oper ated by a complementary cam |66. When the lever |55 is pushed downwardly by its complementary cam, the connections therefrom to the rod 85 turn said rod and cause the cam 81 to swing the accumulator A rearwardly so that its pinions 80 may be successively engaged and operated by the complementary pinion 15, either in addition or subtraction.

The lever |56 is connected by a link |83 with an arm |86 attached to the rear end of a rod |85 having attached to its forward end an arm |86 connected by a link |81 with an arm |88 attached to the rear end of the rod 85 that shifts the accumulator C.. The lever 55 supports a bracket |89, constructed and mounted exactly the same as the brackets |58, |1| and |82, and

8 asiatico |92. The forward end of the rod |92 is rigidly a'tached to an arm |93 which is connected by a link |94 with an arm |95 rigidly attached to the rear end of the rod 85 that shifts the accumulator B. The lever |55 supports a bracket |96. constructed and mounted exactly the same as the brackets |58, |1|, |82 and |89, and having thereon a roller like the roller |64 to be engaged and operated by a complementary cam |66. When the lever |55 is pushed. downwardly by its complementary cam, the connections there- .irom to the rod 85 turn said rod and cause the cam 81 to swing the accumulator B rearwardly so that its pinions 80 may be successively engaged and operated by the complementary pinion 15, either inl addition or subtraction.

When the paper carriage carries the respective cams |66 beyond rollers on the brackets |82, |89 and |96,the springs |91 connecting the respective cams 81 with the base of the machine wing said cams downwardly and permit the respective accumulators A, B and C to swing forwardly to position in which the pinions 80 thereof cannot be engaged by the complementary pinions 15.

Obviously, the specific arrangement of the connections for shifting the accumulators to and from operative position may be varied, and any of said accumulators may be kept in operative position in various columnar positions of the paper carriage and shifted out of operative position in other selected columnar positions of the paper carriage.

The machine as illustrated comprises means preventing operation of either of the accumulator brackets |82, |89 or |96 by the complementary cams |88, irrespective of the movement or position of the paper carriage I. As already explained, each rod |85 is equipped on its forward exposed end with a knob or handle 88 which are manually engageable to turn the rods 85 selectively. Each link |18, |83 and |90 is connected with its lever |55, |56 and |51 by an elastic coupling. Each coupling comprises a plate |98 pivoted to the lever |55, |56 or |51 (Fig. 3a) and having therein an elongated slot |99. Headed pins or rivets 200 are attached to cam members and extend through the slots |99 andthereby couple together the parts |98 and 20| for relative sliding movements. A spring 202 connects each coupling member 20| with its plate |98, and the tendency ot said springs is to move the parts 20| downwardly. The springs 202 constitute resilient means for operating the links |16 by the plates |98, but yield to permit positive movement of the parts 20| with respect to the plates |98. A cam 203 is formed on the upper portion of each member 20|, and these cams are adjacent to the ends of the respective brackets |82, |89 and |90, so that, when the cams 208 are pushed upwardly, they will push the respective brackets to the right and permit the screws |62 to enter the upwardly extended portions of the slots |60 and thereby prevent eective operation or said brackets by their complementary cams |88. Turning of the rods 85 in the proper direction will actuate the connections therefrom to move upwardly the links |18, |83 and |90 and thereby move upwardly the cams 203. Such upward movement of the cams 203 disables the brackets |58. Moreover, this turning of the rods 85 operates the cams 81 to release the arms 84 and permit the corresponding accumulators A, B and C to swing forwardly to positions in which their pinions 80 cannot be engaged by the pinions 15.

A lever 204 is mounted on a pivot 205 at the rear oi the machine. An arcuate rack 206 is formed on the upper end of the lever 204 and meshes with a complementary rack 201 mounted in a carriage 208. The carriage 206 is mounted for horizontal reciprocating movements on rails 209 (Figs. 1 and 3). When the carriage is moved along the rails 209, it will oscillate the lever 204. The lower end of the lever 204 is attached to an arcuate rack 2|0 which meshes with a pinion 2|| attached to a rotary shaft 2|2 supported near the base oi the machine and extending forwardly. A gear wheel 2|3 is attached to the forward end of the shaft 2|2 and meshes with a rack 2|4 attached to the carriage 10. Thus, the carriage 208 constitutes means for operating the connections leading to the carriage 10 for shifting said carriage 10 laterally to different denominational order positions. This means that, by operation of the carriage 208, the carriage 10 can be operated to locate the pinions 15 in different denominational order positions with respect to their associated calculating mechanisms A, B and C. Thus, by movement of the carriage 208 to one definite position, all oi' the pinions 15 will be located so as to operate the associated units calculating pinions; by moving the carriage 208 to another definite position, the pinions 16 will be located in tens denominational order for operating the tens pinions; and, by moving the carriage 208 to other selected positions, the pinions 15 will be located in corresponding denominational orders preparatory for operation of the corresponding calculating pinions.

'I'he carriage 208 is operated by the typewriter paper carriage which supports in adjusted positions on the bar 2 the required number of cam blocks 3 which may be mounted in selected adjusted positions on said bar 2. Each cam block 3 has a rearwardly extended cam arm 2|6. The carriage 208 supports a detent comprising an arm 2|1, a downwardly extended arm 2|8 and an upwardly extended shoulder 2|8. The carriage 208 also supports another detent comprising an arm 220, a downwardly extended arm 22| and an upwardly extended shoulder 222. The arms 2|8 and 22| are connected by a spring 223. The cam arm 2|8 cooperates with the shoulders 2|9 and 222 to shift the carriage 208 along the ras 208 and thereby operate the carriage 10.

In the idle or unoperated position of the car riage 208, the arm 22| is in engagement with a rigidly supported pin 224. This holds the detent arm 220 in a downward position (Fig. 3) so that the shoulder 222 is below the lower edge of the cam arm 2|6 and cannot be engaged thereby when the paper carriage moves toward the left in tabulating or letter-spacing movements. However, the shoulder 2|8 will be engaged by the cam arm 2|6, and continued movement of the paper carriage toward the left in letter-spacing or in tabulating movements will move the carriage 288 along with it until the arm 2|8 strikes against the pin 224. When the arm 2|8 strikes against the pin 224, the shoulder 2|8 will be moved downwardly out of engagement with the cam arm 2|6, at which time the carriage 208 is released and can return to its idle or unoperated position. For operating the lever 204 to return the carriage 200 to its idle or unoperated position after it has been released from the cam arm 2|6, a spring 226 is provided and has one end attached to a stationary part of the machine and its opposite end attached to an arm 228 connected with the lever 204 (Fig. 28).

As shown, the left-hand edge oi the shoulder 2|! is beveled or inclined and the rightfhand edge o! the cam arm 2li is beveled or inclined. Because or these beveled surfaces, the paper carriage I of the typewriting machine can be moved to the right to any desired position because the cam arms 2|8 will escape over the shoulder 2|8 without objectionable resistance, the spring 223 yielding to permit such escapement.

In order to facilitate proper and accurate assembly so that the gear wheel 2|3 will be in precisely accurate and proper mesh with the rack 2|4, the lever 204 is made in two parts which are relatively adjustable, and both of said parts are mounted on the pivot 205. The upper part D supports the rack 206, and the lower part E supports the rack 2|0. These levers overlap and are attached together by screw and slot devices 221. A lug 228 is attached to the lower end of the lever part D below the pivot 205 and the lever part E has a pair of ears 229 through which set screws 230 extend into engagement with the opposite sides of the lug 228 to hold the lever members D and E in rigid relationship. These lever parts D and E may be adiusted relatively by loosening one of the screws 230 and then tightening the other to force the lug 228 against the end of the screw that has been loosened. The screw and slot connections 221 permit this adjusting movement of the lever members D and -E by the screws 230 and cooperate with said screws 230 to hold the lever parts properly adjusted.

The support 23| to which the pivot |53 is attached is mounted on a pivot 232. A pivot 233 supports a lever 234 which has pin and slot connection 235 with the pivoted support 23|. A link 238 has one end pivoted to the lever 234 and the opposite end pivoted to an arm 231 attached to the rear end of a rod 238. The front end of the rod 238 has attached thereto an arm 239. A link 240 connects the arm 239 with an arm 24| attached to the rear end of the rod 28 which is rockable by operation of the lever 32. Thus, the lever 32 may be operated to move the support 23i downwardly far enough so that none of the cams 66 can engage the rollers supported by any of the levers |52, etc. This prevents the paper carriage from operating any of said levers.

A pin 242 rubs against an angular lever 243 mounted on a stationary pivot 244 and having a cam 2,45. Downward movement of the lever 234 will move. the angular lever 243 and operate the cam against the arm 2|8, and thereby move the detent on which the shoulder 2|9 is formed far enough to hold said detent out of the line of :movement of any oi the cam arms 2|6. Thereiore, the paper carriage is free to move back and forth for ordinary typewriting or other purposes without in any way moving or disturbing the carriage 208 or any of the other parts of the calculating machine. Return of the lever 32 to its former position will move the lever 234 upwardly and therebymove the pivoted support 23| upwardly and release the cam 245 from the arm 2 |8 and recondition the calculating machine for operation by the typewriter digit keys under control of the paper carriage and otherwise as described.

When an item is to be recorded and entered into any one of the calculating mechanisms, one

movement of the carriage places the pinions in the proper denominational orders so that, when the first digit key is struck, the digit in the highest denominational order will be printed and entered into the corresponding calculating pinion 16. The paper carriage |4 will then move one letter space, thereby moving the carriage 10 to locate the pinions 15 at the next lower denominational order. When the second digit key is operated, the digit represented thereby will be printed on the paper in the paper carriage and entered into the calculating pinion 16 in the next lower denominational order, and these operations are repeated until the last digit in the item is entered; with the exception that, when the zero key is operated, the zero is printed on the paper in the paper carriage, the pinions 15 are shifted one step toward lower denominational orders, but are not rotated.

A lever 246 is supported on a pivot 241 attached to one end of a stationary slotted plate 248 (Figs. 2 and 31). The slotted plate 248 functions to guide the free ends of the levers |52, |54, |55, i56 and |51 in their vertical swinging movements. A bracket 249, which is a duplicate of the brackets |58, |1|, etc., is mounted by pin and slot arrangement 250 precisely the same as the pin and slot arrangement that supports said brackets |58, |1|, etc., excepting that the roller on the bracket 249 is toward the pivot 241, whereas the rollers on the brackets |58, etc. are toward the pivot |53. A spring 252 actuates the bracket 249 toward the free end of thelever 246. A link 253 connects the lever 246 with the lever 234 so that downward swinging movement oi the lever 234 to Swing the plate 245 and the levers |55, etc.,

. supported thereby will also move to swing the lever 249 downwardly. One of the cam blocks 3 supports a cam like the cams |66 so that said cam, during movement of the paper carriage toward the right, will operate against the roller 25| and thereby depress the lever 246. During movement of the paper carriage toward the left in letter spacing or column spacing, the cam |66 will depress the bracket 249 without depressing the lever 246.

A link 254 has its upper end pivoted to the lever 246 and its lower end pivoted to one arm of an angular lever 255 (Fig. 9). The opposite arm of the lever 255 is connected by a link 256 with an arm 251 of a lever that is supported on a pivot 258. The connection of the link 256 with the arm 251 includes a slot 259 which permits the lever of which the arm 251 is a part to be operated independently of the link 256. The other arm 260 of the lever extends upwardly adjacent to one of the discs 62 so that, when the lever 246 is depressed, the arm 260 will be swung rearwardly and will lock the discs 62 and thereby the typewriter digit keys. A spring 26| is connected with the lever and operates to swing the arm 260 forwardly after the lever 246 has been released.

A'cam 262 is attached to the rock shaft 2|2. The accumulator pinions 16 are spaced so that, when the paper moves one letter space, the pinions l5 move the same distance from a pinion 16 in one denominational order to a pinion 16 in the next lower denominational order, with the exception that the tens pinion 16 is spaced from the hundreds pinion 16 twice the distance of the space separating the remaining pinions. Therefore, after the digit in hundreds denominational order has been printed on the paper in the paper car- 

